{
  "dataset": "timeline",
  "name": "California timeline",
  "description": "Dated medical, surveillance, regulatory, legislative and litigation events.",
  "page": "https://silicosislawsuit.com/california/timeline/",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0, attribution to silicosislawsuit.com",
  "record_count": 34,
  "last_verified": "2026-09-12",
  "records": [
    {
      "event_id": "2012-08-kramer-israel",
      "date": "2012-08",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "First major clinical series of artificial-stone silicosis published (Israel)",
      "summary": "Kramer and colleagues report 25 transplant-referred silicosis patients, all exposed by dry-cutting a high-silica artificial stone.",
      "related": [
        "kramer-2012-chest"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2015-osha-niosh-alert",
      "date": "2015",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "OSHA and NIOSH issue a hazard alert on silica in countertop fabrication",
      "summary": "Federal agencies warn that cutting and finishing stone countertops can expose workers to silica above the PEL.",
      "related": [
        "us-osha-niosh-hazard-alert"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "niosh-2015-106"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2016-03-25-osha-rule",
      "date": "2016-03-25",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "OSHA publishes the respirable crystalline silica final rule",
      "summary": "81 FR 16286. PEL of 50 ug/m3; effective 23 June 2016.",
      "related": [
        "us-osha-rcs-2016"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "fr-2016-04800"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2018-01-hoy-australia",
      "date": "2018-01",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "Australian case series describes rapidly progressive artificial-stone silicosis",
      "summary": "Seven workers, median 7 years' exposure, six with progressive massive fibrosis.",
      "related": [
        "hoy-2018-oem"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2019-01-cdph-index-case",
      "date": "2019-01",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "SURVEILLANCE",
      "title": "CDPH identifies the index California case",
      "summary": "A 32-year-old fabrication worker is identified; workplace screening finds further cases. CDPH surveillance of engineered-stone silicosis begins.",
      "related": [
        "heinzerling-2026-nejm-evid"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "cidrap-2026-09"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2019-09-27-mmwr",
      "date": "2019-09-27",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "CDC reports 18 US cases and the first two US deaths",
      "summary": "MMWR report covering California, Colorado, Texas and Washington.",
      "related": [
        "rose-2019-mmwr"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2022-09-reyes-filed",
      "date": "2022-09",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Reyes Gonzalez lawsuit filed in Los Angeles",
      "summary": "Filed against 34 slab manufacturers and suppliers; becomes the first US engineered-stone silicosis case to reach a jury.",
      "related": [
        "ca-lasc-22stcv31907-reyes-gonzalez"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "aboutlawsuits-silicosis",
        "phw-2024-08-08"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2022-09-surasi-exposures",
      "date": "2022-09",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "Cal/OSHA inspection data show 25% of sampled California fabrication workers above the PEL",
      "summary": "Analysis of 152 employees at 47 workplaces, 2019-2020.",
      "related": [
        "surasi-2022-ajim"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2023-09-fazio-jama",
      "date": "2023-09",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "JAMA Internal Medicine publishes the California case series",
      "summary": "52 patients, 51 of them Latino immigrants; 19% fatal at a median age of 46.",
      "related": [
        "fazio-2023-jamaim"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2023-12-13-australia-decision",
      "date": "2023-12-13",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "INTERNATIONAL",
      "title": "Australian WHS ministers agree to ban engineered stone",
      "summary": "Ban to commence 1 July 2024.",
      "related": [
        "au-engineered-stone-ban-2024"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "safeworkaustralia-ban"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2023-12-14-oshsb-ets",
      "date": "2023-12-14",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "California Standards Board adopts the emergency silica standard",
      "summary": "Effective 29 December 2023 for one year; targets high-exposure trigger tasks on artificial stone.",
      "related": [
        "ca-oshsb-rcs-ets-2023"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "aiha-2024-01-04"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2024-07-01-australia-ban",
      "date": "2024-07-01",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "INTERNATIONAL",
      "title": "Australian engineered-stone ban takes effect",
      "summary": "World-first prohibition on manufacture, supply, processing and installation of engineered stone benchtops, panels and slabs.",
      "related": [
        "au-engineered-stone-ban-2024"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "safeworkaustralia-ban"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2024-08-07-reyes-verdict",
      "date": "2024-08-07",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "First US engineered-stone silicosis verdict: $52.4 million",
      "summary": "Los Angeles jury finds Caesarstone (15%), Cambria (10%) and Color Marble (2.5%) at fault for Gustavo Reyes Gonzalez's silicosis.",
      "related": [
        "2024-08-07-reyes-gonzalez"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "phw-2024-08-08",
        "stoneupdate-2024-08-13"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2024-12-19-oshsb-permanent",
      "date": "2024-12-19",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "Standards Board makes the silica emergency standard permanent",
      "summary": "Unanimous vote; effective after Office of Administrative Law approval in early 2025.",
      "related": [
        "ca-oshsb-rcs-permanent-2024"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "littler-2025-01-15",
        "aiha-2025-01-09"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-04-settlement-26m",
      "date": "2025-04",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Confidential settlements exceeding $26 million reported during jury selection in Los Angeles",
      "summary": "Reported by plaintiff counsel; parties not disclosed.",
      "related": [
        "ca-lasc-confidential-settlement-2025-04"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "braytonlaw-court-successes"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-05-29-defense-verdict",
      "date": "2025-05-29",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Torrance jury returns the first defense verdict, for Caesarstone",
      "summary": "Jury finds no negligence and no design defect in the Garcia-Leon wrongful-death case after less than a day.",
      "related": [
        "2025-05-29-garcia-leon-defense"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "kslaw-2025-06-06",
        "dailyjournal-385970"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-06-silicosis-reportable",
      "date": "2025-06",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "SURVEILLANCE",
      "title": "Silicosis becomes a reportable disease in California",
      "summary": "Providers must report within seven days to the local health department.",
      "related": [
        "ca-cdph-silicosis-reportable-2025"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "cdph-reportable-2025-11-17"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-09-17-hr5437-introduced",
      "date": "2025-09-17",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LEGISLATIVE",
      "title": "H.R. 5437 introduced in the US House",
      "summary": "Protection of Lawful Commerce in Stone Slab Products Act, sponsored by Rep. Tom McClintock, would bar silica-injury suits against slab manufacturers and sellers.",
      "related": [
        "us-hr5437-119"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "congress-hr5437",
        "quiverquant-hr5437"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-10-13-sb20-signed",
      "date": "2025-10-13",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LEGISLATIVE",
      "title": "Governor signs SB 20, the STOP Act",
      "summary": "Chapter 734. Bans dry methods on artificial stone, requires annual training attestations and treats artificial-stone silicosis as a serious injury.",
      "related": [
        "ca-sb20-2025"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "leginfo-sb20",
        "sd20-2025-10-14"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-11-13-cdph-432",
      "date": "2025-11-13",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "SURVEILLANCE",
      "title": "CDPH count reaches 432 cases, 25 deaths, 48 transplants",
      "summary": "Los Angeles County 226 cases, Orange County 86.",
      "related": [
        "ca-cdph-silicosis-reportable-2025"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "cdph-reportable-2025-11-17"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2025-12-petition-609-filed",
      "date": "2025-12",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "WOEMA petitions the Standards Board to prohibit high-silica artificial stone",
      "summary": "Petition 609, backed by more than 600 health professionals, seeks a ban on fabrication and installation of artificial stone over 1% crystalline silica.",
      "related": [
        "ca-oshsb-petition-609"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "phw-2026-05-21",
        "workcompwire-2026-05"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-01-01-sb20-operative",
      "date": "2026-01-01",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LEGISLATIVE",
      "title": "SB 20 takes effect",
      "summary": "Dry fabrication of artificial stone prohibited statewide.",
      "related": [
        "ca-sb20-2025"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "leginfo-sb20"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-01-14-hr5437-hearing",
      "date": "2026-01-14",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LEGISLATIVE",
      "title": "House Judiciary subcommittee hearing on H.R. 5437",
      "summary": "'Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Protecting the American Stone Slab Industry'. Former OSHA head David Michaels and California physicians testify against the bill.",
      "related": [
        "us-hr5437-119"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "docs-house-ju03-2026-01-14"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-02-26-niosh-alert-update",
      "date": "2026-02-26",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "OSHA and NIOSH update the countertop silica hazard alert",
      "summary": "NIOSH 2026-101 / OSHA HA-3768-2026.",
      "related": [
        "us-osha-niosh-hazard-alert"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "niosh-2026-101"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-02-settlement-20m",
      "date": "2026-02",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Settlements exceeding $20 million reported during a Los Angeles trial",
      "summary": "Reported by plaintiff counsel; parties not disclosed.",
      "related": [
        "ca-lasc-confidential-settlement-2026-02"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "braytonlaw-court-successes"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-04-30-jordan-verdict",
      "date": "2026-04-30",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Denver jury awards $17.45 million in the first Colorado case",
      "summary": "Cambria found liable for misrepresentation (32% fault) and Hyundai L&C for negligence (3%); Caesarstone, DuPont and Makita not liable. Cambria says it will appeal.",
      "related": [
        "2026-04-30-jordan"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "prn-braytonpurcell-2026-05-04",
        "stoneupdate-2026-05-04"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-05-21-oshsb-petition-vote",
      "date": "2026-05-21",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "REGULATORY",
      "title": "Standards Board votes to begin rulemaking toward a California ban",
      "summary": "Petition 609 granted in part; Cal/OSHA directed to prepare an emergency finding and convene advisory committees.",
      "related": [
        "ca-oshsb-petition-609"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "phw-2026-05-21",
        "workcompwire-2026-05"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-06-03-hr5437-markup",
      "date": "2026-06-03",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LEGISLATIVE",
      "title": "House Judiciary Committee orders H.R. 5437 reported, 16 to 7",
      "summary": "Bill advances as amended; awaits floor action.",
      "related": [
        "us-hr5437-119"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "quiverquant-hr5437",
        "congress-hr5437"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-06-26-ats-report",
      "date": "2026-06-26",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "American Thoracic Society publishes its workshop report on artificial-stone silicosis",
      "summary": "Concludes that hazardous exposures persist despite wet methods, ventilation and respirators.",
      "related": [
        "gandhi-2026-ats-workshop"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-07-01-sb20-attestation",
      "date": "2026-07-01",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LEGISLATIVE",
      "title": "First SB 20 training attestations due to Cal/OSHA",
      "summary": "Annual employer certification of training for high-exposure trigger tasks.",
      "related": [
        "ca-sb20-2025"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "leginfo-sb20"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-08-03-martinez-verdict",
      "date": "2026-08-03",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Los Angeles jury assesses $47 million against Dal-Tile",
      "summary": "Wrongful-death verdict for the family of Willmer Ruben Martinez Paredes; Dal-Tile entities 3% fault each, employers 70%.",
      "related": [
        "2026-08-03-martinez-paredes"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "braytonlaw-47m-2026",
        "stoneupdate-2026-08-06"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-08-13-cdph-631",
      "date": "2026-08-13",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "SURVEILLANCE",
      "title": "CDPH count reaches 631 cases, 74 transplants, 35 deaths",
      "summary": "As reported by Healio from the CDPH dashboard.",
      "related": [
        "heinzerling-2026-nejm-evid"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "healio-2026-09-11",
        "cdph-ess-dashboard"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_secondary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-08-19-ramirez-verdict",
      "date": "2026-08-19",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "category": "LITIGATION",
      "title": "Orange County jury awards $7.1 million against Dal-Tile and Bedrosians",
      "summary": "Wrongful-death verdict for the family of Gerardo Ramirez-Soriano.",
      "related": [
        "2026-08-19-ramirez-soriano"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "braytonlaw-7-1m-2026"
      ],
      "verification_status": "reported_by_party",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    },
    {
      "event_id": "2026-09-nejm-evidence",
      "date": "2026-09",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "category": "MEDICAL",
      "title": "NEJM Evidence publishes CDPH's 2019-2026 surveillance report",
      "summary": "592 cases through June 2026, 65 transplants, 31 deaths.",
      "related": [
        "heinzerling-2026-nejm-evid"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "pubmed",
        "cidrap-2026-09"
      ],
      "verification_status": "verified_primary",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-12"
    }
  ]
}